Health
Which Weight Loss Surgery is Best to the Body?
Which Weight Loss Surgery is Best for the Body?
There are many health risks that come with being overweight, including damage to various organs.
Although weight loss surgery is a common treatment for obesity, many people are unaware of the risks.Before you choose a weight loss surgery, it is important to determine your body mass index (BMI).
Your BMI is a calculation of your weight in kilograms times the square of your height. A BMI of 20 to 25 is considered normal.
Restrictive
There are many factors to consider when considering whether restrictive weight loss surgery is right for your body.
The most common procedure is the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. It is less invasive than open surgery and involves removing 80 to 85 percent of the stomach.
The surgery leaves a small pouch in the abdomen that will only hold up to a cup of well-chewed food.
It also results in a dramatic loss of weight. Patients who undergo this procedure lose between 60 and 80 percent of excess weight.
Another option is a balloon procedure. A balloon procedure will bypass approximately 75% of the small intestine, which limits calorie absorption.
This type of restrictive weight loss surgery is FDA-approved and can be reversed if a patient’s weight fluctuates too much.
In a traditional procedure, a deflated balloon is placed into the stomach and inflated with a saline solution.
However, the FDA has received reports of 12 deaths worldwide from balloon systems filled with liquid.
Gastric bypass
Gastric bypass weight loss surgery is the most common surgical procedure for losing excess weight.
It alters the way your stomach and small intestine handle food. After surgery, your stomach is smaller and you feel full faster with smaller portions of food.
The surgery prevents food from entering your small intestine, which prevents your body from absorbing it.
This procedure requires general anesthesia, which means you’re asleep during the procedure.
Although gastric bypass surgery is one of the most common procedures, it has numerous risks.
While all of the surgeries involve some type of incision and some form of anesthesia, it’s important to understand exactly what you’re getting into.
This procedure alters the metabolism of carbohydrates and improves insulin sensitivity.
Because of this, people who have had gastric bypass surgery are less likely to suffer from diabetes and another metabolic syndrome.
Additionally, gastric bypass surgery has been proven to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from diabetes and other medical conditions related to obesity.
In addition to the above risks, gastric bypass weight loss surgery is also associated with a shorter recovery time and is less likely to recur.
Sleeve gastrectomy
A laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is the most common type of surgery for people who are struggling with their weight.
Small incisions are made in the upper abdomen, and the remaining stomach is reshaped into a narrow tube called a sleeve.
Food empties into the small intestine the same way as before, but the remaining portion of the stomach has a reduced capacity.
A patient will feel full quicker after eating less food than before. Because the stomach is reshaped, the new pouch holds less food than the old one does. T
his decreases the number of calories that are absorbed by the body.
It also decreases the production of the hormone known as “hunger” by removing a portion of the small intestine.
Resulting in a lower calorie intake, better weight control, and improved blood sugar regulation, the new stomach is a great way to lose weight without compromising your health.
Adjustable gastric banding
The adjustment of a gastric band is a common part of this surgery. During a routine office visit, doctors add fluid to a balloon around the band.
The fluid passes through a port placed under the skin of the abdomen to the band around the stomach. This allows the band to be adjusted in order to lose weight more effectively.
The band is adjusted in stages, and a small amount is added every 4 to 6 weeks.
The surgery aims to reduce weight in people with a BMI of 40 or above. It is also indicated for those with serious health problems related to their obesity.
The patient should have failed numerous other weight-loss options and had severe medical conditions, such as diabetes, to lose weight.
Depending on the severity of the disease, surgery may be a suitable option for them. However, there are some drawbacks to this surgery. It is not for everyone.
Conclusion
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Health
Iowa Reports First Fatal Case of Ebola-like Lassa Fever Following Travel to West Africa
Iowa Reports First Fatal Case of Ebola-like Lassa Fever Following Travel to West Africa
Iowa health officials recently confirmed a fatal case of Lassa fever, an Ebola-like viral disease, in a person who had recently traveled to West Africa.
This incident has raised concerns about Lassa fever’s risks, transmission methods, and potential impacts on public health, especially as it is one of the few recorded cases of this virus in the United States.
This article will provide an in-depth overview of Lassa fever, its origins, symptoms, transmission risks, and the measures people can take to protect themselves and those around them.
Understanding Lassa Fever
What is Lassa Fever?
Lassa fever is a hemorrhagic virus similar in presentation to Ebola, transmitted primarily by contact with food or objects contaminated with infected rodent urine or feces.
This viral disease is common in parts of West Africa, where an estimated 100,000 to 300,000 cases are reported annually. Though many cases go unreported, the virus can cause severe illness and death in severe cases, particularly in patients with underlying health conditions.
Lassa Fever vs. Ebola: What’s the Difference?
Both Lassa fever and Ebola are viral hemorrhagic fevers, but they differ in their method of transmission, symptom severity, and geographical reach.
While Ebola spreads through human-to-human contact, Lassa fever is mainly rodent-borne and spread through direct or indirect exposure to rodents’ excretions.
Ebola outbreaks have historically shown higher fatality rates, but Lassa fever is often underreported, making mortality comparisons challenging.
Origins and Transmission of Lassa Fever
Where Does Lassa Fever Come From?
Lassa fever was first identified in 1969 in Nigeria and has since remained endemic in countries like Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, and Nigeria.
The Mastomys rat, or “multimammate rat,” serves as the natural reservoir for the virus and is a common species in West African regions, leading to frequent human contact and possible transmission.
How is Lassa Fever Transmitted?
Transmission occurs mainly through:
- Direct contact with infected rodents’ urine or droppings.
- Ingestion of contaminated food or household items.
- Human-to-human transmission in healthcare settings due to improper hygiene practices or exposure to bodily fluids of infected individuals.
The virus does not spread through casual contact, making general public spread less likely unless in close contact with contaminated surfaces or bodily fluids.
Symptoms of Lassa Fever
Early Symptoms
Early symptoms of Lassa fever can be mild, leading to undiagnosed cases or delayed medical attention.
Symptoms typically appear 1-3 weeks after exposure and may include:
- Fever and fatigue
- Sore throat and cough
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- Abdominal and chest pain
Severe Symptoms and Complications
As the disease progresses, patients may develop more severe symptoms like:
- Hemorrhaging from gums, eyes, or nose
- Facial swelling and fluid in the lungs
- Seizures and confusion
- Organ failure
While some patients recover within weeks, severe complications can arise, especially in pregnant women and individuals with preexisting health conditions.
Diagnosis and Treatment
How is Lassa Fever Diagnosed?
Diagnosis requires specialized laboratory testing, as Lassa fever’s early symptoms resemble many other viral illnesses.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) can identify viral RNA and antibodies in blood samples, aiding in accurate diagnosis.
Treatment Options
Antiviral medication, such as ribavirin, has shown promise in reducing symptoms when administered early. Supportive care, including rehydration, oxygen therapy, and blood transfusions, is crucial for severe cases.
However, there is no universally approved vaccine, making prevention through hygiene and rodent control vital.
Preventive Measures for Lassa Fever
Minimizing Contact with Rodents
Effective rodent control is essential in areas where Lassa fever is prevalent. Keeping food in rodent-proof containers, clearing homes of food scraps, and storing waste away from living spaces can minimize exposure to rodent excretions.
Maintaining Hygiene in Healthcare Settings
In hospitals, isolation protocols and rigorous hygiene practices, including the use of gloves, masks, and proper disposal of waste, are critical to prevent transmission from infected individuals to healthcare workers or family members.
Public Health Concerns and Global Impact
Why Should We Be Concerned About Lassa Fever?
While cases outside of West Africa are rare, the recent case in Iowa illustrates the potential for Lassa fever to appear in non-endemic regions.
Increased global travel poses risks, necessitating enhanced screening and awareness, especially for travelers returning from high-risk areas.
The Role of the CDC and WHO
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) play significant roles in monitoring and controlling Lassa fever outbreaks.
Both organizations work closely with local health agencies to provide guidelines, support diagnosis, and enhance preventive measures.
Conclusion
The tragic loss of life due to Lassa fever in Iowa serves as a stark reminder of the potential dangers of hemorrhagic fevers. Increased awareness, hygiene measures, and public health vigilance are essential to prevent future cases and protect communities.
As international travel grows, so does the need for education on preventing and responding to rare but deadly diseases like Lassa fever.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can Lassa fever be spread through the air?
No, Lassa fever is not airborne. It spreads through contact with rodent excretions or bodily fluids of an infected person.
2. Is there a vaccine available for Lassa fever?
Currently, there is no FDA-approved vaccine for Lassa fever, though researchers are actively working on developing one.
3. What regions are considered high-risk for Lassa fever?
High-risk regions include West African countries such as Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea, where the Mastomys rodent is prevalent.
4. What should travelers do to protect themselves from Lassa fever?
Travelers to endemic regions should avoid contact with rodents, keep food secured, and wash hands frequently. It’s wise to stay updated on health advisories from the CDC.
5. How can healthcare facilities prevent Lassa fever spread?
Hospitals can reduce risks by implementing stringent hygiene protocols, using personal protective equipment, and isolating infected patients to prevent cross-contamination.
References :
Health
Understanding Menstrual Allergy: What You Need to Know
Understanding Menstrual Allergy: What You Need to Know
REFERENCE:
https://www.healthwellnessjournal.com/menstrual-allergy-guide
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